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Date: Thu Feb 04 08:49:48 1999
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FAQ: International E-mail Accessibility (1998.12.08)
- To: country-codes@nsrc.org
- Subject: FAQ: International E-mail Accessibility (1998.12.08)
- From: ocl@gih.com (Olivier MJ Crepin-Leblond)
- Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1998 17:31:57 GMT
Archive-name: mail/country-codes
Last-modified: 1998/12/08
Based on International Standard ISO 3166 Codes
Compiled by Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond
E-mail: <ocl@gih.com>
Release: 98.12.02
Release Notes: a. Falkland Islands (FK) with Provisional Full
Internet (PFI) and with E-mail (*)
b. Cape Verde (CV) from PFI to Full Internet (FI)
c. Gambia (GM) from UUCP (*) to Full Internet (FI)
d. Niue (NU) with E-mail (*)
e. Web reference changed from:
http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/misc/country-codes.html
to:
http://www.nsrc.org/codes/country-codes.html
The Whole set of Web pages has moved!
f. Kiribati (KI) with Full Internet (FI)
This document is Copyright 1994-1998 by Olivier Crepin-Leblond.
Parts of this document may be reproduced in a commercial publication
ONLY if prior permission has been granted by the copyright holder.
It may however be freely redistributed in its entirety provided that
this copyright notice, its headers "Archive-name", "Last-modified",
and "Release" are not removed. If unsure, please E-mail ocl@gih.com
This document answers the question:
"Has country X got E-mail or Internet access ?".
The following table is a guide of country codes, showing the
countries which have access to Internet or general E-mail services.
The country codes have been derived from the International
Organization for Standardization standard ISO 3166.
A country code is taken as a top level domain once it is registered
at the InterNIC, rs.internic.net so *not* all country codes listed
are top level domains. At the bottom of the table, there is also
a section of general top level domains, based on the information
available at rs.internic.net.
NOTES
I. Description of codes
FI stands for FULL INTERNET access. This includes 'telnet', 'ftp',
and internet E-mail.
B stands for BITNET (Because It's Time NETwork) access although
the address may be in internet DNS (Domain Name System) format.
* (Asterisk) means that the country is reachable by E-mail. If this is
not preceded by FI or B, it means that the connection may be a UUCP
connection. An asterisk is included after FI or B for consistency.
C stands for the "courtesy" top level domain. There is actually no
physical access as such in the country referenced by this top level
domain, but E-mail and/or Web addresses can be obtained under it;
in some cases, this is for an official Web server for that country,
which is facility-managed elsewhere. In other cases, it is a
courtesy domain provided for commercial reasons which may, or may
not be seen as a legitimate use of that top level domain.
PFI stands for a provisional full internet connection.(+)
P stands for provisional connection. (+)
(+) This is used when one or more of the following is true:
- address not verified or lack of address
- UUCP dialup not active
- net connection possible but not officially announced
- premature official announcement of connection
F stands for a country that is connected to Internet only via means
of the FIDOnet network. It is assumed that the FIDO connection in this
case is stable and reliable.
II. Networks which are not included
Networks such as MILNET (U.S. Military's unclassified portion of the
DDN - Data Defense Network) have computers all around the world. It is
generally possible to assume that wherever there is a U.S. military base,
there will be a node reachable through gateways.
Worldwide Private company networks (banks, computer companies etc. that
have their own worldwide corporate intra-net).
Some networks based on X.400 E-mail, which offer high-cost networking
access. While those types of network are fading fast due to their
high cost compared to the Internet, some regions of the world are
still reacheable only via such networks. The service is VERY COSTLY,
usually takes place via UUCP or X.400 connections. X.400 E-mail is
usually charged to someone and if the telecommunication carrier
cannot find someone to pay for the message transfer, it will reject
it. Although you may be able to RECEIVE E-mail from a user on those
networks, you may not be able to reply to it.
III. Updates
The situation changes from day to day.
The growth in international networking is such that the information
contained in this document may be out of date by the time it reaches
you.
Please send me ( ocl@gih.com ) any updates, including an example
address, for verification purposes.
Furthermore, if you are a connection provider or could provide a
low cost connection in a country, and are not listed as a provider in
that country (see "FURTHER INFORMATION" section), please notify either
Randy Bush <randy@nsrc.org>, Steven Huter <sghuter@nsrc.org> or me (or
all three of us !).
NOTE: This doesn't include providers for North America. If you are a
North American provider, then please DON'T contact us - there are
already thousands of providers out there.
IV. .US sites
While there are several hundreds of BITNET nodes in USA, none have
a name in the format `.US'. That's why the .us domain is only FI and *.
V. .edu, .com, etc.
The domains in this section are special in that some of them are
used in more than one country. The domains which have full internet
access are marked accordingly.
VI. UK and GB domains
UK stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland. GB actually stands for Great Britain. GB is therefore a
subset of UK. In reality, the GB top level domain has been used mainly
for X.400 addressing of sites, while the UK top level domain is more
commonly used. While in the early nineties, there was an emphasis towards
X.400, and hence towards registration under the GB top level domain,
this policy does not stand anymore, and most sites in the UK are
now registered under the UK top level domain.
VII. Further information column
While there was a time when it was possible to display all
further information about a country's connectivity on this table,
it is now impossible to do so.
We suggest downloading the Web-based version of this document from
http://www.nsrc.org/codes/country-codes.html and selecting the
top level domain concerned - this will point to a wealth of
further information.
VIII. Where to find further information
In addition to the Web form of this document, a number of sites
run on-line information databases, mail-servers, and web information
systems where further information can be found.
- rs.internic.net
Part of this site, the InterNIC database services, contains the
Internet "white pages". The "whois" section of the "white pages"
has registration records for top level domains. "whois" can be
accessed by connecting interactively (telnet rs.internic.net),
or via the Web (http://www.internic.net) or using the "whois"
command available on some computer systems (whois -h rs.internic.net).
Registration records for a domain are sometimes useful since they
provide Administrative and Technical Contacts for this domain
and those may hence be able to provide further information.
Whois can also be accessible by E-mailing mailserv@internic.net<br>
and subject: whois <name/domain>
- whois.ripe.net
The Central European Registry run by RIPE, the co-ordinator for
European Internet nodes. It contains a lot of information regarding
European IP, etc. This is where the European Host Count is found
at http://www.ripe.net/statistics/hostcount.html .
- whois.apnic.net
The Asia Pacific Network Information Center, the co-ordinator
for Internet sites in Asia and the Pacific area.
- GNET: an Archive and Electronic Journal
This is co-ordinated by Larry Press <lpress@isi.edu> and contains
bookmarks for worldwide networking resources as well as papers
and documents about connectivity. Access the archive as:
http://som.csudh.edu/cis/lpress/devnat/
- BITNIC Bitnet Network Information Center
Bitnet LISTSERVs contain files which list all BITNET sites around
the world. For a listing of all BITNET sites, in country code order,
send a message to LISTSERV@Bitnic.educom.edu (or LISTSERV@BITNIC for
BITNET folks), no subject, and the command:
GET NODES INFO3
in the body of the message.
A very long file of information on all international BITNET sites
can be ftp'ed from Bitnic.educom.edu and is called BITEARN.NODES .
It is more than 2Mb long.
- IANA, the Internet Assignment Authority Association
This site keeps a list of country code registries at:
http://www.iana.org/domain-names.html
It is very useful for getting in touch with registration
services for each country.
- Network Wizards Internet Domain Survey
Every 6 months, Mark Lottor carries out a complete Internet
Domain survey of the Internet, with host counts in all countries
reacheable by the Net. The current survey dates from late
July 1998, and the next survey will take place in January 1999.
For all information: http://www.nw.com/zone/WWW/top.html
- NAIC (NASA) Internet Survey of Providers
This database contains contact details of providers throughout
the world. It also provides an insight into the NASA's global
satellite links. This is found at:
http://naic.nasa.gov/nsi/survey/survey.html
- www.nsrc.org
This Web system, maintained by the Network Startup Resource
Center contains perhaps the most comprehensive collection of
information about country connectivity. It is housed at the
University of Oregon Computing Centre.
The information is maintained in a distributed database (mySQL
and Java web server) that allows for friends and colleagues
around the world to help maintain the data about their
respective networks and countries.
It's top level reference is: http://www.nsrc.org/ and the
coloured maps held in http://www.nsrc.org/codes/bymap/world.html
point to further information on http://www.nsrc.org/db.
Many thanks to Randy Bush <randy@nsrc.org>, John Klensin
<klensin@nsrc.org> and Steven Huter <sghuter@nsrc.org> for
setting-up this site and this collaborative effort.
IX. Archiving
At each release, this document is archived in a number of archive
sites around the world. Amongst them:
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/news.answers/mail/
#ftp://ftp.uu.net:/usenet/news.answers/mail/
ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/usenet/news.answers/news.newusers.questions/
(#) those may not be accessible via Bear access or direct PC access
in some cases.
The document is also retrievable by E-mail from rtfm.mit.edu by
sending an E-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu , blank subject line
and the command: send usenet/news.answers/mail/country-codes
The up-to-date, pre-release document is also available using a
simple mail-server robot:
Send E-mail to: <robot@gih.com> with a subject: archive-server-request
and the command: get mail/country-codes in the body of your message.
The document is also distributed automatically once a month on a
mailing list. To subscribe to that mailing list, send a message to:
country-codes-request@nsrc.org with the command in the body of the
message: subscribe
The whole collection of documents (monthly releases since 1992 !)
is available on: http://www.nsrc.org/oclb
X. World-Wide-Web (WWW) documents
A sister document is available on the World Wide Web. It is based
on this FAQ, and has links to further information for each domain:
http://www.nsrc.org/codes/country-codes.html
A set of clickable international colour-coded maps is available at:
http://www.nsrc.org/codes/bymap/world.html
The pages are kindly hosted by the Network Startup Resource Center
computer at the University of Oregon.
Web references for Top-Level information servers for a particular country
should be sent to <ocl@gih.com>. Thanks to all who have helped !
XI. Internetology
The Internet has exploded in size in the last few years.
The present document has been edited monthly since 1993, and some Web
pages have been put together to reflect on the continuing spread of
Internet/E-mail in the world since that time.
This section is called "Internetology".
It provides a graphical history of the spread of the Net in developing
countries, by taking snapshots of Internet connectivity every six
months since November 1993. All of the maps tie-up with the
information that is included with the FAQ on International E-mail
accessibility.
The reference for the Internetology pages is:
http://www.nsrc.org/codes/bymap/ntlgy/
ISO 3166 Codes + Top level domains.
WARNING:
The link to some countries marked as being connected to Internet via
UUCP or FIDO is often an expensive telephone dialup link. The people
in those countries pay dearly for every byte of information sent to
them. It is therefore not advised to send an electronic mail to a
remote computer in such a country asking about the local weather report.
Please think twice before sending such E-mail.
Code Country Conn Notes Further information
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
AC Ascension Island PFI P C confirmation requested
AD Andorra FI *
AE United Arab Emirates FI *
AF Afghanistan(Islamic St.) C
AG Antigua and Barbuda FI *
AI Anguilla FI *
AL Albania FI *
AM Armenia FI * Ex-USSR
AN Netherland Antilles FI *
AO Angola (Republic of) FI *
AQ Antarctica FI * intermittent
AR Argentina FI *
AS American Samoa FI *
AT Austria FI *
AU Australia FI *
AW Aruba FI *
AZ Azerbaijan FI B * Ex-USSR
BA Bosnia-Herzegovina FI *
BB Barbados FI *
BD Bangladesh FI *
BE Belgium FI *
BF Burkina Faso FI *
BG Bulgaria FI B *
BH Bahrain FI *
BI Burundi FI *
BJ Benin FI *
BM Bermuda FI *
BN Brunei Darussalam FI *
BO Bolivia FI *
BR Brazil FI *
BS Bahamas FI *
BT Bhutan C
BV Bouvet Island
BW Botswana FI *
BY Belarus FI B * Ex-USSR
BZ Belize FI *
CA Canada FI B *
CC Cocos (Keeling) Isl. C
CD Dem. Repub. of Congo PFI *
CF Central African Rep. FI *
CG Congo * C
CH Switzerland FI B *
CI Ivory Coast FI *
CK Cook Islands FI *
CL Chile FI B *
CM Cameroon FI *
CN China FI *
CO Colombia FI *
CR Costa Rica FI *
CU Cuba FI *
CV Cape Verde FI *
CX Christmas Island C
CY Cyprus FI *
CZ Czech Republic FI B *
DE Germany FI B *
DJ Djibouti FI *
DK Denmark FI *
DM Dominica FI *
DO Dominican Republic FI *
DZ Algeria FI *
EC Ecuador FI B *
EE Estonia FI *
EG Egypt FI B *
EH Western Sahara
ER Eritrea *
ES Spain FI B *
ET Ethiopia FI *
FI Finland FI B *
FJ Fiji FI *
FK Falkland (Malvinas) PFI * C
FM Micronesia FI *
FO Faroe Islands FI *
FR France FI B *
FX France (European Ter.) France Metropolitaine
GA Gabon FI *
GB Great Britain (UK) FI B * X.400 & IP both use this TLD
GD Grenada FI *
GE Georgia FI * Ex-USSR
GF Guiana (Fr.) FI *
GG Guernsey (Ch. Isl) FI *
GH Ghana FI *
GI Gibraltar FI *
GL Greenland FI *
GM Gambia FI *
GN Guinea FI *
GP Guadeloupe (Fr.) FI *
GQ Equatorial Guinea FI *
GR Greece FI *
GS South Georgia and
South Sandwich Islands C
GT Guatemala FI *
GU Guam (US) FI * in US domains
GW Guinea Bissau FI *
GY Guyana FI *
HK Hong Kong FI *
HM Heard & McDonald Isl.
HN Honduras FI *
HR Croatia FI B *
HT Haiti FI *
HU Hungary FI B *
ID Indonesia FI *
IE Ireland FI *
IL Israel FI B *
IN India FI B *
IM Isle of Man FI *
IO British Indian O. Ter. FI *
IQ Iraq
IR Iran FI *
IS Iceland FI B *
IT Italy FI B *
JE Jersey (Ch. Isl.) FI *
JM Jamaica FI *
JO Jordan FI *
JP Japan FI B *
KE Kenya FI *
KG Kyrgyz Republic FI * Ex-USSR (in .su domain)
KH Cambodia FI *
KI Kiribati FI *
KM Comoros FI *
KN St.Kitts Nevis Ang. PFI P C
KP Korea (North) P
KR Korea (South) FI *
KW Kuwait FI *
KY Cayman Islands FI *
KZ Kazakstan FI * Ex-USSR
LA Laos *
LB Lebanon FI *
LC Saint Lucia FI *
LI Liechtenstein FI *
LK Sri Lanka FI *
LR Liberia FI *
LS Lesotho FI *
LT Lithuania FI * Ex-USSR
LU Luxembourg FI *
LV Latvia FI * Ex-USSR
LY Libya C
MA Morocco FI *
MC Monaco FI *
MD Moldova FI * Ex-USSR
MG Madagascar FI *
MH Marshall Islands
MK Macedonia (former Yug.)FI *
ML Mali FI *
MM Myanmar *
MN Mongolia FI *
MO Macau FI *
MP Northern Mariana Isl. FI *
MQ Martinique (Fr.) FI *
MR Mauritania FI *
MS Montserrat C
MT Malta FI *
MU Mauritius FI *
MV Maldives FI *
MW Malawi FI *
MX Mexico FI *
MY Malaysia FI *
MZ Mozambique FI *
NA Namibia FI *
NC New Caledonia (Fr.) FI *
NE Niger FI *
NF Norfolk Island C
NG Nigeria FI F
NI Nicaragua FI *
NL Netherlands FI B *
NO Norway FI B *
NP Nepal FI *
NR Nauru
NU Niue * C
NZ New Zealand FI *
OM Oman FI *
PA Panama FI *
PE Peru FI *
PF Polynesia (Fr.) FI *
PG Papua New Guinea FI *
PH Philippines FI *
PK Pakistan FI *
PL Poland FI B *
PM St. Pierre & Miquelon
PN Pitcairn
PR Puerto Rico (US) FI B *
PT Portugal FI *
PW Palau
PY Paraguay FI *
QA Qatar FI *
RE Reunion (Fr.) FI * In .fr domain
RO Romania FI B *
RU Russian Federation FI B * Ex-USSR
RW Rwanda FI *
SA Saudi Arabia FI * dial-ip
SB Solomon Islands FI *
SC Seychelles FI *
SD Sudan FI *
SE Sweden FI B *
SG Singapore FI *
SH St. Helena C
SI Slovenia FI *
SJ Svalbard & Jan Mayen IsFI * in .no domain
SK Slovakia (Slovak Rep) FI *
SL Sierra Leone FI *
SM San Marino FI *
SN Senegal FI *
SO Somalia
SR Suriname FI *
ST St. Tome and Principe C
SU Soviet Union FI B * Still used.
SV El Salvador FI *
SY Syria FI *
SZ Swaziland FI *
TC Turks & Caicos Islands FI *
TD Chad FI *
TF French Southern Terr.
TG Togo FI *
TH Thailand FI *
TJ Tadjikistan * C Ex-USSR
TK Tokelau
TM Turkmenistan FI * Ex-USSR
TN Tunisia FI *
TO Tonga FI *
TP East Timor C
TR Turkey FI B *
TT Trinidad & Tobago FI *
TV Tuvalu
TW Taiwan FI *
TZ Tanzania FI *
UA Ukraine FI *
UG Uganda FI *
UK United Kingdom FI B * ISO 3166 is GB
UM US Minor outlying Isl.
US United States FI * see note (4)
UY Uruguay FI *
UZ Uzbekistan FI * Ex-USSR
VA Vatican City State FI *
VC St.Vincent & Grenadines P
VE Venezuela FI *
VG Virgin Islands (Brit) FI * Via Barbados (BB)
VI Virgin Islands (US) FI *
VN Vietnam FI *
VU Vanuatu FI *
WF Wallis & Futuna Islands
WS Western Samoa FI *
YE Yemen FI *
YT Mayotte
YU Yugoslavia FI *
ZA South Africa FI *
ZM Zambia FI * intermittent
ZR Dem. Rep. of Congo deleted and replaced by CD
ZW Zimbabwe FI *
See Note [5] for the next top level domains (rs.internic.net):
ARPA Old style Arpanet * alias still works
COM Commercial FI * connect to whois.internic.net
EDU Educational FI B * connect to whois.internic.net
GOV Government FI * connect to whois.internic.net
INT International field FI *
MIL US Military FI * connect to nic.ddn.mil
NET Network FI * connect to whois.internic.net
ORG Non-Profit OrganizationFI * connect to whois.internic.net
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
DISCLAIMER: while every effort is made to provide accurate information,
this list is not guaranteed to be accurate. This document is in NO WAY
an official document. The information given should not be used as a basis
for routing tables but only as general end-user information. This is a
voluntary effort. I would appreciate greatly if errors/omissions could
be pointed out to me and they would be corrected in the next release.
The information included in this document implies no view whatsoever
regarding questions of sovereignty or the status of any place listed.
--
Olivier MJ Crepin-Leblond, Ph.D. |--> Global Information Highway Limited
Phone: +44 (0)956 84 1113 | http://www.gih.com/ | E-mail: <ocl@gih.com>
Fax : +44 (0)171 937 7666 | Mobile Emporium: http://www.gih.com/mobile/