Agenda: observium-lab-1.txt

Observium lab

All components for Observium should already be installed - it will be
now up to you to configure the service, add hosts, etc...

If this is not the case, a different lab (observium-install.txt) is
available.

1. You need to set he name of the Observium web site (virtual host) on
   your server:

$ cd /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/
$ sudo editor observium

    Find the line:

ServerName observiumX.ws.nsrc.org

    ... and replace "X" with the number of your PC.

Save the file and exit.

2. Reconfigure the webserver:

$ sudo apachectl graceful

3. Access Observium!

    A user has already been created for you. This is the user 'admin', and
    the password is the standard class password:

http://observiumX.ws.nsrc.org/

    User:      admin
    Password:  the class password

    You should now be logged in to Observium. There should not be any devices
    configured. Take a look at the interface for a few minutes.

4. Edit the configuration file for Observium, to tell it about our network:

$ sudo editor /opt/observium/config.php

    Now make the following changes:

    - Find the line:

$config['snmp']['community'] = array("public");

    ... and change 'public' to 'NetManage' (NOT "netmanage" or "NETMANAGE"),
    so it looks like this:

$config['snmp']['community'] = array("NetManage");

    - Now find the two lines (near the end):

$config['nets'][] = "172.22.0.0/16";
$config['nets'][] = "192.168.0.0/24";

    ... and replace them with:

$config['nets'][] = "10.10.0.0/24";

    ... notice that we only have ONE network for now: the backbone.
    We'll configure more networks later!

    Save the file and exit.

5. Add a host - your own router

    $ cd /opt/observium
    $ ./addhost.php rtrX.ws.nsrc.org NetManage v2c

    (Notice that here we use the HOSTNAME and NOT the IP of the host!)

    Check on the Web interface that the host has been found:

http://observiumX.ws.nsrc.org/devices/

    ... you can explore the web interface for a few minutes - but
    there is no data yet!

    We can tell Observium to start collecting data for this host, by
    running the following command:

$ sudo ./poller.php -h all

    ... Of course, we don't want to do this manually! We will automate
    this in the next steps.

6. Tell Observium to run a discovery (scan) of the network, and start
   collecting data:

$ cd /opt/observium
$ sudo ./discovery.php -h all

    Note that a LOT of information will appear!

    We'll run a data collection again manually:

$ sudo ./poller.php -h all


7. Go back to the web interface

http://observiumX.ws.nsrc.org/

    What do you notice ? How do you think Observium figured out what
    devices to monitor ?


8. Enable cron jobs

    It's time to make the data collection happen automatically.

    A number of automated maintenance tasks need to be added:

    - Create the file /etc/cron.d/observium:

    $ sudo editor /etc/cron.d/observium

    ... and paste the following lines:

33  */6   * * *   root    /opt/observium/discovery.php -h all >> /dev/null 2>&1
*/5 *     * * *   root    /opt/observium/discovery.php -h new >> /dev/null 2>&1
*/5 *     * * *   root    /opt/observium/poller.php -h all >> /dev/null 2>&1

    It will take a little while for data to appear in the graphs.

9. While we wait for the traffic to appear, we can navigate the interface.

    Go to http://observiumX.ws.nsrc.org/

    Click on "Devices" in menu at the top.

    Find the router for your group in the list, and click on its name.

    You will land on the Overview page for your device.

    You will notice that Observium has automatically detected many, many
    things about your router!

    At the top, under your router's hostname, you will see a list of tabs,
    all of them presenting information about your device:

Overview | Graphs | Health | Ports | Routing | Map | Inventory | Logs | Alerts

    Under "Graphs", you will see all information which can be presented in
    the form of a graph: Network IO, Disk IO, Memory and CPU usage, etc...

    You will also see the "Health" tab, which offers various metrics on
    how the device is doing hardware wise - if this information is available -
    such as temperature, voltage, fan speed, etc... Notice that some of this
    information is already shown in the overview page for the device (which
    you get when you click on the name of the device).

    Next we'll take a look at the Ports menu tab. Under "Ports" you will find
    a summary of traffic for all ports, including bits per second and packets
    per second, port speed, and the type of connection (Ethernet or other).

    Note that all elements can be clicked on, including the small graphs, and
    you will be taken to the corresponding page for the data source.

    The Routing tab will present you with an overview of enabled routing 
    protocols. If you have enabled OSPF or BGP on your routers, you will
    get information about the active sessions, neighbors or peers, and
    other protocol specific information.

    The Map tab is an automatically generated diagram of the topology of
    your network, as seen from the point of view of your router. This will
    only function for CDP/LLDP enabled devices (Cisco, IOS, ...)

    Inventory contains a full list of hardware modules and serial numbers
    for equipment installed on your router. Note that this will not work on
    all vendors.

    Under Logs you will see a list of events for your router: changes that
    have taken place in the configuration of the device, or in the state
    of interfaces, services, etc...

    Alerts is currently empty for your router - we will see more about this
    later.

10. Add a location and contact for your router

    If you navigate back to the Overview page for your router
    (Go to Devices, click on your router's name), you will see that
    Observium has picked up the Hardware platform, the Operating System
    and the Uptime for your device.

    Now, log into your router with SSH and add the following information
    to your SNMP configuration:

    - Set the location (whatever you want: city, country, etc...)
    - Set the contact (email address or name)

    To do this:

rtr8> enable
Password: 
rtr8# conf terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
rtr8(config)# snmp-server contact user@email.address
rtr8(config)# snmp-server location Here in Bhutan, Thimphu
rtr8(config)# exit
rtr8# write memory

    If you wait a few minutes (maximum 5), you should see this information
    appear automatically on the Overview tab for your router in Observium.

    While you are still logged in to your router, add a pseudo interface
    to your router, to see if Observium will pick it up:

rtr8(config)# interface loopback123                    
rtr8(config-if)# description A useless interface
rtr8(config-if)# exit
rtr8(config)# exit
rtr8# write memory

    This should also show up in Observium after a while - try and
    find it under "Ports"

11. IP address lookup

    From Observium's main page, you will find, under the Overview menu
    (at the TOP of the page), 4 options:

IPv4 search -> http://observiumX.ws.nsrc.org/search/search=ipv4/
IPv6 search -> http://observiumX.ws.nsrc.org/search/search=ipv6/
MAC search ->  http://observiumX.ws.nsrc.org/search/search=mac/
ARP tables ->  http://observiumX.ws.nsrc.org/search/search=arp/

    Using the IPv4 and ARP table searches, try and search IPs of
    equipment in the class:

    - IP of the GW (10.10.0.254)
    - IPs of the routers (10.10.0.X, 10.10.X.254)
    - IPs of the PCs (10.10.1.1, 10.10.5.17, etc...)

    - Try and search IPs for your OWN laptop!
    Find the IP of you own laptop, and see if you can search it in 
    Observium. Can you ? Why ?


13. Let's disable ports that are unuse on the router/switch!

    Find the Overview page for "rtr.ws.nsrc.org".

    From there, you can configure the device (the "key" icon on the top
    right). You are then presented with a configuration page for the device.

    Click on Ports, then you will get an overview of the Port status
    on the switch. Look at the ones that are "down".

    For those that are "down", check the "Ignore" box, then "Save"
    under "Index".

    If you call back the main Observium page:

http://observiumX.ws.nsrc.org/

    ... Observium should no longer complain about these ports!

14. Have you tried adding your PC yet ? Other peoples ?

More fun things:

- From the top menu, choose Devices -> All devices
- Find your router, and click on it on the list.
- Below the graph summary, you'll see a list of the interfaces on your router:

Fa0/0, Fa0/1, Null0

- Click on Fa0/0
- Click on "Real Time"