Agenda: ex-ganeti-install.htm

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1<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
2<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
3<head>
4  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
5  <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
6  <meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
7  <title>Ganeti basic installation</title>
8  <style type="text/css">code{white-space: pre;}</style>
9  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10</head>
11<body>
12<div id="header">
13<h1 class="title">Ganeti basic installation</h1>
14</div>
15<div id="TOC">
16<ul>
17<li><a href="#objectives"><span class="toc-section-number">1</span> Objectives</a></li>
18<li><a href="#become-root"><span class="toc-section-number">2</span> Become root</a></li>
19<li><a href="#configure-the-hostname"><span class="toc-section-number">3</span> Configure the Hostname</a></li>
20<li><a href="#configure-the-network"><span class="toc-section-number">4</span> Configure the Network</a><ul>
21<li><a href="#vlan-configuration"><span class="toc-section-number">4.1</span> VLAN configuration</a><ul>
22<li><a href="#vlan-100"><span class="toc-section-number">4.1.1</span> VLAN 100</a></li>
23<li><a href="#vlan-255"><span class="toc-section-number">4.1.2</span> VLAN 255</a></li>
24</ul></li>
25<li><a href="#summary-of-the-topology"><span class="toc-section-number">4.2</span> Summary of the topology</a></li>
26<li><a href="#reboot-and-test-network-configuration"><span class="toc-section-number">4.3</span> Reboot and test network configuration</a></li>
27</ul></li>
28<li><a href="#install-the-ganeti-software"><span class="toc-section-number">5</span> Install the Ganeti software</a><ul>
29<li><a href="#debian"><span class="toc-section-number">5.1</span> Debian</a></li>
30<li><a href="#ubuntu"><span class="toc-section-number">5.2</span> Ubuntu</a></li>
31</ul></li>
32<li><a href="#setup-drbd"><span class="toc-section-number">6</span> Setup DRBD</a></li>
33<li><a href="#create-a-root-password"><span class="toc-section-number">7</span> Create a root password</a></li>
34<li><a href="#initialize-the-cluster---master-node-only"><span class="toc-section-number">8</span> Initialize the cluster - MASTER NODE ONLY</a><ul>
35<li><a href="#adding-nodes-to-the-cluster---master-node-only"><span class="toc-section-number">8.1</span> Adding nodes to the cluster - MASTER NODE ONLY</a></li>
36<li><a href="#verify-the-configuration-of-your-cluster"><span class="toc-section-number">8.2</span> Verify the configuration of your cluster</a></li>
37</ul></li>
38<li><a href="#securing-the-vnc-consoles"><span class="toc-section-number">9</span> Securing the VNC consoles</a></li>
39</ul>
40</div>
41<h1 id="objectives"><a href="#objectives"><span class="header-section-number">1</span> Objectives</a></h1>
42<p>You will each of you install the Ganeti virtualization cluster management software on your Linux server.</p>
43<ul>
44<li>Install the Ganeti software</li>
45<li>Configure the network components (including VLANs) and network based disk replication (DRBD)</li>
46<li>Use the Ganeti command line tools to initialize the cluster, with each pair of machines working in a cluster configuration</li>
47</ul>
48<p>Each pair of machines (vm1 &amp; vm2, vm3 &amp; vm4, ... vm13 &amp; vm14) will be set up in a cluster configuration, where the odd (1,3,5,...,13) will be the master node, and the even machine (2,4,6,...,14) will be the slave.</p>
49<table>
50<thead>
51<tr class="header">
52<th align="left">cluster</th>
53<th align="left">master node</th>
54<th align="left">additional node(s)</th>
55</tr>
56</thead>
57<tbody>
58<tr class="odd">
59<td align="left">gnt1.ws.nsrc.org</td>
60<td align="left">vm1.ws.nsrc.org</td>
61<td align="left">vm2.ws.nsrc.org</td>
62</tr>
63<tr class="even">
64<td align="left">gnt2.ws.nsrc.org</td>
65<td align="left">vm3.ws.nsrc.org</td>
66<td align="left">vm4.ws.nsrc.org</td>
67</tr>
68<tr class="odd">
69<td align="left">gnt3.ws.nsrc.org</td>
70<td align="left">vm5.ws.nsrc.org</td>
71<td align="left">vm6.ws.nsrc.org</td>
72</tr>
73<tr class="even">
74<td align="left">etc</td>
75<td align="left"></td>
76<td align="left"></td>
77</tr>
78</tbody>
79</table>
80<p>If there is an odd number of machines in the class then the last cluster will have three machines.</p>
81<p>Note that ganeti requires you to use fully-qualified domain names, and these must resolve to the correct IP addresses (either in the DNS or in the <code>/etc/hosts</code> file on every node)</p>
82<h1 id="become-root"><a href="#become-root"><span class="header-section-number">2</span> Become root</a></h1>
83<p>All of the actions in this exercise are done as &quot;root&quot;, so if you are not root already type:</p>
84<pre><code>$ sudo -s
85#</code></pre>
86<h1 id="configure-the-hostname"><a href="#configure-the-hostname"><span class="header-section-number">3</span> Configure the Hostname</a></h1>
87<p>Look at the contents of the file <code>/etc/hostname</code> and check it contains the fully-qualified domain name, i.e.</p>
88<pre><code>vmX.ws.nsrc.org</code></pre>
89<p>(where X is your machine number). If not, then edit it so that it looks like that, then get the system to re-read this file:</p>
90<pre><code># hostname -F /etc/hostname</code></pre>
91<p>Also check <code>/etc/hosts</code> to ensure that you have the both the fully-qualified name and the short name there, pointing to the correct IP address:</p>
92<pre><code>127.0.0.1   localhost
9310.10.0.X   vmX.ws.nsrc.org vmX</code></pre>
94<h1 id="configure-the-network"><a href="#configure-the-network"><span class="header-section-number">4</span> Configure the Network</a></h1>
95<p>We're now going to reconfigure the network on our machine, so that we will be using <code>VLANs</code>. While it would be perfectly fine to use a single network for running virtual machines, there are a number of limitations, including:</p>
96<ul>
97<li><p>no separation between the networks used to manage the servers (management) and the one where the virtual machines are placed (service)</p></li>
98<li><p>we will be using network-based disk replication, and we'd like to keep the disk traffic separate from the management and service traffic</p></li>
99</ul>
100<p>Instead of using separate ethernet cards, we'll use VLANs.</p>
101<p>We need to implement three networks: <em>management</em>, <em>replication</em>, and <em>service</em>.</p>
102<p>Ideally, we would create three VLANs:</p>
103<ul>
104<li>A management VLAN (vlan 1) <sup><a href="#fn1" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref1">1</a></sup></li>
105<li>A replication (or storage) VLAN (vlan 100), used for storage (disk) traffic/replication</li>
106<li>An external (or service) VLAN (vlan 255), where we will &quot;connect&quot; the virtual machines</li>
107</ul>
108<h2 id="vlan-configuration"><a href="#vlan-configuration"><span class="header-section-number">4.1</span> VLAN configuration</a></h2>
109<p>To be on the safe side, let's install the vlan and bridge management tools (these should already have been installed by you earlier).</p>
110<pre><code># apt-get install vlan bridge-utils</code></pre>
111<p>Let's make changes to the network configuration file for your system. If you remember, this is <code>/etc/network/interfaces</code>.</p>
112<p>Edit this file, and look for the <code>br-lan</code> definition. This is the bridge interface you created earlier, and <code>eth0</code> is attached to it.</p>
113<p>If should looks something like this:</p>
114<pre><code># Management interface
115auto eth0
116iface eth0 inet manual
117
118auto br-lan
119iface br-lan inet static
120        address         10.10.0.X
121        netmask         255.255.255.0
122        gateway         10.10.0.254
123        dns-nameservers 10.10.0.241
124        bridge_ports    eth0
125        bridge_stp      off
126        bridge_fd       0
127        bridge_maxwait  0</code></pre>
128<p>We're going to leave this alone, and not going to use VLAN tagging (802.1q) for our management network. What it means is that we will have both untagged and tagged (VLAN) frames going through eth0 <sup><a href="#fn2" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref2">2</a></sup>.</p>
129<p>We will proceed to create VLANs 100 and 255, and the associated bridge interfaces for them.</p>
130<h3 id="vlan-100"><a href="#vlan-100"><span class="header-section-number">4.1.1</span> VLAN 100</a></h3>
131<p>Let's start with VLAN 100. To do this, add the following lines below the <code>br-lan</code> section:</p>
132<pre><code># VLAN 100
133auto eth0.100
134iface eth0.100 inet manual
135
136auto br-rep
137iface br-rep inet static
138        address 10.10.100.X
139        netmask 255.255.255.0
140        bridge_ports    eth0.100
141        bridge_stp      off
142        bridge_fd       0
143        bridge_maxwait  0</code></pre>
144<p>Remember to replace X with the number of your class PC.</p>
145<p>This does two things:</p>
146<ul>
147<li><p>Adds a new &quot;sub&quot;-interface VLAN 100. The new interface is called <code>eth0.100</code>. This naming convention using dot is quite common, and immediately identifies that VLAN 100 is associated with <code>eth0</code>.</p></li>
148<li><p>Creates a new bridge <code>br-rep</code> (for 'replication'). This bridge has only one interface associated with it: <code>eth0.100</code> <sup><a href="#fn3" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref3">3</a></sup></p></li>
149</ul>
150<h3 id="vlan-255"><a href="#vlan-255"><span class="header-section-number">4.1.2</span> VLAN 255</a></h3>
151<p>Now we add VLAN 255. Same as before, go to the end of the file, and add the following lines:</p>
152<pre><code># VLAN 255
153auto eth0.255
154iface eth0.255 inet manual
155
156auto br-svc
157iface br-svc inet manual
158        bridge_ports    eth0.255
159        bridge_stp      off
160        bridge_fd       0
161        bridge_maxwait  0</code></pre>
162<p>This is very similar to VLAN 100, but notice that we have NOT configured an IP address for br-svc. This is because we do not want the physical host OS to be connected to this network with IP: the host OS shouldn't be reachable via SSH on this network, for security reasons.</p>
163<p>Review the work you have just done. The resulting file should look something like this (IPs should be the ones for your PC, of course):</p>
164<pre><code># The loopback network interface
165auto lo
166iface lo inet loopback
167
168# The primary network interface
169auto eth0
170iface eth0 inet manual
171
172auto br-lan
173iface br-lan inet static
174        address 10.10.0.X
175        netmask 255.255.255.0
176        gateway 10.10.0.254
177        dns-nameservers 10.10.0.241
178        bridge_ports    eth0
179        bridge_stp      off
180        bridge_fd       0
181        bridge_maxwait  0
182
183# VLAN 100
184auto eth0.100
185iface eth0.100 inet manual
186
187auto br-rep
188iface br-rep inet static
189        address 10.10.100.X
190        netmask 255.255.255.0
191        bridge_ports    eth0.100
192        bridge_stp      off
193        bridge_fd       0
194        bridge_maxwait  0
195
196auto eth0.255
197iface eth0.255 inet manual
198
199# VLAN 255
200auto br-svc
201iface br-svc inet manual
202        bridge_ports    eth0.255
203        bridge_stp      off
204        bridge_fd       0
205        bridge_maxwait  0</code></pre>
206<h2 id="summary-of-the-topology"><a href="#summary-of-the-topology"><span class="header-section-number">4.2</span> Summary of the topology</a></h2>
207<p>We know have the following configuration. Think of eth0, eth0.100 and eth0.255 as 3 different interfaces, connected to 3 different virtual switches (br-lan, br-rep and br-svc, respectively).</p>
208<pre><code>                 -----------+--------------
209                            |
210                          br-lan
211                            |         host X
212                  +---------+---------+
213                  |        eth0       |
214                  |                   |
215                  |eth0.255   eth0.100|
216                  +--+-----------+----+
217                     |           |
218                   br-svc      br-rep
219                     |           |
220         VMs --------+           +------&gt; to other hosts</code></pre>
221<h2 id="reboot-and-test-network-configuration"><a href="#reboot-and-test-network-configuration"><span class="header-section-number">4.3</span> Reboot and test network configuration</a></h2>
222<p>At this point, it may be best to reboot completely to test all the network changes we've done. Proceed to reboot:</p>
223<pre><code># reboot</code></pre>
224<p>Once the machine is up again, log in again, and verify that your colleagues have finished their configuration, and test that you can ping each other:</p>
225<ul>
226<li>On the management network IP</li>
227<li>On the replication network IP</li>
228</ul>
229<p>If you have problems:</p>
230<ul>
231<li>verify <code>/etc/network/interfaces</code></li>
232<li>run <code>ifconfig</code> to see if the interfaces are configured</li>
233<li>ask a neighbor, or your instructors, for assistance.</li>
234</ul>
235<p>You way want to test that you can resolve the following hostnames using the <code>dig</code> command:</p>
236<pre><code>dig +short vm1.ws.nsrc.org
237dig +short vm2.ws.nsrc.org
238..
239dig +short gnt1.ws.nsrc.org
240dig +short gnt2.ws.nsrc.org
241..</code></pre>
242<h1 id="install-the-ganeti-software"><a href="#install-the-ganeti-software"><span class="header-section-number">5</span> Install the Ganeti software</a></h1>
243<p>Now install the software from the right package repository. How to do this depends on whether your machine is running Debian or Ubuntu.</p>
244<h2 id="debian"><a href="#debian"><span class="header-section-number">5.1</span> Debian</a></h2>
245<p>On Debian, the available version of ganeti is too old, but fortunately the current version is available in a <code>backports</code> repository <sup><a href="#fn4" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref4">4</a></sup>.</p>
246<p>As root, create a file <code>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/wheezy-backports.list</code> containing this one line:</p>
247<pre><code>deb http://cdn.debian.net/debian/ wheezy-backports main</code></pre>
248<p>Then refresh the index of available packages:</p>
249<pre><code># apt-get update</code></pre>
250<p>Now, install the <code>Ganeti</code> software package. Note that the backports packages are not used unless you ask for them explicitly.</p>
251<pre><code># apt-get install ganeti/wheezy-backports</code></pre>
252<p>This will install the current released version of Ganeti on your system; but any dependencies it pulls in will be the stable versions.</p>
253<h2 id="ubuntu"><a href="#ubuntu"><span class="header-section-number">5.2</span> Ubuntu</a></h2>
254<p>On Ubuntu, the version of Ganeti available is too old, and there is no version in backports.</p>
255<p>Luckily, a newer version of Ganeti is available for the version of Ubuntu we're running, via a &quot;Private Package Archive&quot; (PPA).</p>
256<p><a href="https://launchpad.net/~pkg-ganeti-devel/+archive/lts">https://launchpad.net/~pkg-ganeti-devel/+archive/lts</a></p>
257<p>To add the necessary information to the our list of packages sources (<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>), run the following commands:</p>
258<pre><code># apt-get install python-software-properties
259# add-apt-repository ppa:pkg-ganeti-devel/lts</code></pre>
260<p>The second command will prompt you:</p>
261<pre><code>You are about to add the following PPA to your system:
262 This PPA contains stable versions of Ganeti backported to Ubuntu LTS. Currently it covers 12.04 LTS.
263 More info: https://launchpad.net/~pkg-ganeti-devel/+archive/lts
264Press [ENTER] to continue or ctrl-c to cancel adding it</code></pre>
265<p>Just press <code>[ENTER]</code></p>
266<p>The package archive will now be available. We still need to update the list of available packages:</p>
267<pre><code># apt-get update</code></pre>
268<p>Now, install the <code>Ganeti</code> software package:</p>
269<pre><code># apt-get install ganeti</code></pre>
270<p>This will install the current released version of Ganeti on your system.</p>
271<h1 id="setup-drbd"><a href="#setup-drbd"><span class="header-section-number">6</span> Setup DRBD</a></h1>
272<p>We'll now set up DRBD (Distributed Replicated Block Device), which will make it possible for VMs to have redundant storage across two physical machines.</p>
273<p>DRBD was already installed when we installed Ganeti, but we still need to change the configuration:</p>
274<pre><code># echo &quot;options drbd minor_count=128 usermode_helper=/bin/true&quot; &gt;/etc/modprobe.d/drbd.conf
275# echo &quot;drbd&quot; &gt;&gt;/etc/modules
276# rmmod drbd      # ignore error if the module isn't already loaded
277# modprobe drbd</code></pre>
278<p>The entry in <code>/etc/modules</code> ensures that drbd is loaded at boot time.</p>
279<h1 id="create-a-root-password"><a href="#create-a-root-password"><span class="header-section-number">7</span> Create a root password</a></h1>
280<p>Ganeti will need to log in as root to the other <code>nodes</code> in the cluster so it can set up the configuration files there. After the first login, SSH keys are used (and therefore no password is used), but for the first connection, we need to set a root password.</p>
281<p>For Ubuntu servers only: you need to set a root password on each node. (For Debian servers, this will have already been done at installation time)</p>
282<p>Note: You only need to do this on the <code>slave</code> node in each pair of servers.</p>
283<pre><code># passwd root
284Enter new UNIX password:
285Retype new UNIX password:
286passwd: password updated successfully</code></pre>
287<p>Use the in-class password!</p>
288<p>Finally, create a directory for SSH keys to be stored for the <code>root</code> user:</p>
289<pre><code># mkdir /root/.ssh
290# chmod 700 /root/.ssh</code></pre>
291<h1 id="initialize-the-cluster---master-node-only"><a href="#initialize-the-cluster---master-node-only"><span class="header-section-number">8</span> Initialize the cluster - MASTER NODE ONLY</a></h1>
292<p>We are now ready to run the command that will create the Ganeti cluster. Do this only on the MASTER node of the cluster.</p>
293<pre><code># gnt-cluster init --master-netdev=br-lan --enabled-hypervisors=kvm \
294  -H kvm:kernel_path=&quot;&quot;,initrd_path=&quot;&quot; -N link=br-svc -s 10.10.100.X \
295  gntN.ws.nsrc.org</code></pre>
296<p>where X is the number of your <em>host</em> (like vm1, vm2 etc), and N is the number of your <em>cluster</em> (gnt1, gnt2 etc)</p>
297<p>Explanation of the above parameters:</p>
298<ul>
299<li><code>--master-netdev</code> =&gt; Ganeti uses a virtual IP which the Ganeti software service will use when communicating with the tools and the other nodes in the cluster. In our case, our management network is <code>br-lan</code>, thus we set <code>master-netdev</code> to be br-lan.</li>
300</ul>
301<p>Observe that there is indeed an interface <code>br-lan:0</code> now configured:</p>
302<p><code>$ ifconfig br-lan:0</code></p>
303<p>The IP address should be that which the hostname <code>gntN.ws.nsrc.org</code> resolves to.</p>
304<ul>
305<li><p><code>--enabled-hypervisors</code> =&gt; We are using KVM as our hypervisor</p></li>
306<li><p><code>-N link</code> =&gt; Here we set the default network to which the virtual machines we create will be attached. In our case, this will be <code>br-svc</code></p></li>
307<li><p><code>-s</code> =&gt; This tells Ganeti which Secondary IP to use for disk replication. We created a dedicated network for this.</p></li>
308<li><p>Finally <code>gntN.ws.nsrc.org</code> is the name of the cluster you are creating</p></li>
309</ul>
310<p>If everything goes well, this command will take 5-6 seconds to complete.</p>
311<p>The command <code>gnt-cluster init</code> will not output anything unless a problem occurred.</p>
312<p>During the cluster creation, the node you ran the command on (the master node) was automatically added to the cluster. So we don't need to do that and can proceed directly to adding the other nodes in the cluster. In this case, there is only one other node: vmY.ws.nsrc.org.</p>
313<h2 id="adding-nodes-to-the-cluster---master-node-only"><a href="#adding-nodes-to-the-cluster---master-node-only"><span class="header-section-number">8.1</span> Adding nodes to the cluster - MASTER NODE ONLY</a></h2>
314<p>So let's run the command to add the other node. note the use of the <code>-s</code> option to indicate which IP address will be used for disk replication on the node you are adding.</p>
315<p>Run this command only on the MASTER node of the cluster.</p>
316<pre><code># gnt-node add -s 10.10.100.Y vmY.ws.nsrc.org</code></pre>
317<p>You will be warned that the command will replace the SSH keys on the destination machine (the node you are adding) with new ones. This is normal.</p>
318<pre><code>-- WARNING --
319Performing this operation is going to replace the ssh daemon keypair
320on the target machine (vmY) with the ones of the current one
321and grant full intra-cluster ssh root access to/from it</code></pre>
322<p>When asked if you want to continue connection, say <code>yes</code>:</p>
323<pre><code>The authenticity of host 'vmY (10.10.0.Y)' can't be established.
324ECDSA key fingerprint is a1:af:e8:20:ad:77:6f:96:4a:19:56:41:68:40:2f:06.
325Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes</code></pre>
326<p>When prompted for the root password for vmY, enter it:</p>
327<pre><code>Warning: Permanently added 'vmY' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
328root@vmY's password:</code></pre>
329<p>You may see the following informational message; you can ignore it:</p>
330<pre><code>Rather than invoking init scripts through /etc/init.d, use the service(8)
331utility, e.g. service ssh restart
332
333Since the script you are attempting to invoke has been converted to an
334Upstart job, you may also use the stop(8) and then start(8) utilities,
335e.g. stop ssh ; start ssh. The restart(8) utility is also available.
336ssh stop/waiting
337ssh start/running, process 2921</code></pre>
338<p>The last message you should see is this:</p>
339<pre><code>Tue Jan 14 01:07:40 2014  - INFO: Node will be a master candidate</code></pre>
340<p>This means that the machine you have just added into the node (vmY) can take over the role of configuration master for the cluster, should the master (vmX) crash or be unavailable.</p>
341<p>If your cluster has three nodes, then repeat the above for the third node.</p>
342<h2 id="verify-the-configuration-of-your-cluster"><a href="#verify-the-configuration-of-your-cluster"><span class="header-section-number">8.2</span> Verify the configuration of your cluster</a></h2>
343<p>Again only on the MASTER node of the cluster:</p>
344<pre><code># gnt-cluster verify</code></pre>
345<p>This will tell you if there are any errors in your configuration. You may see errors about &quot;orphan volumes&quot;:</p>
346<pre><code>Thu Feb  6 05:02:47 2014 * Verifying orphan volumes
347Thu Feb  6 05:02:47 2014   - ERROR: node vmX.ws.nsrc.org: volume xenvg/swap is unknown
348Thu Feb  6 05:02:47 2014   - ERROR: node vmX.ws.nsrc.org: volume xenvg/var is unknown
349Thu Feb  6 05:02:47 2014   - ERROR: node vmX.ws.nsrc.org: volume xenvg/root is unknown</code></pre>
350<p>This means logical volumes which have been created but which ganeti does not know about or manage. You can avoid this error by telling ganeti to ignore those logical volumes:</p>
351<pre><code># gnt-cluster modify --reserved-lvs=xenvg/root,xenvg/swap,xenvg/var
352# gnt-cluster verify</code></pre>
353<p>If you still have any errors, please talk to the instructors.</p>
354<p>To see detailed information on how your cluster is configured, try these commands:</p>
355<pre><code># gnt-cluster info | more</code></pre>
356<p>Look at the output.</p>
357<pre><code># gnt-node list</code></pre>
358<p>You are done with the basic installation!</p>
359<h1 id="securing-the-vnc-consoles"><a href="#securing-the-vnc-consoles"><span class="header-section-number">9</span> Securing the VNC consoles</a></h1>
360<p>It would be good idea to make sure that the VNC consoles for the VMs was protected by a password.</p>
361<p>To do this, we can create a <em>cluster-wide</em> password for every VM console.</p>
362<p>This can later be overridden (changed) for each instance (VM).</p>
363<p>To create the cluster-wide password, run this command on the master:</p>
364<pre><code># echo 'xyzzy' &gt;/etc/ganeti/vnc-cluster-password
365# gnt-cluster modify -H kvm:vnc_password_file=/etc/ganeti/vnc-cluster-password</code></pre>
366<p>You will probably see an error message:</p>
367<pre><code>Failure: command execution error:
368Hypervisor parameter validation failed on node vmY.ws.nsrc.org: Parameter 'vnc_password_file' fails validation: not found or not a file (current value: '/etc/ganeti/vnc-cluster-password')</code></pre>
369<p>Hmm, we just added the file - but wait! It's telling us that the file is missing from the <em>secondary</em> node (vmY.ws.nsrc.org), where Y is our partner node.</p>
370<p>That's because we only created <code>/etc/ganeti/vnc-cluster-password</code> on the master node. It needs to be on every node (host) since any one of them could become a cluster master in the future.</p>
371<p>There's a great command for this in ganeti: <code>gnt-cluster copyfile</code></p>
372<p><code>gnt-cluster copyfile</code> will take a file as a parameter, and will take care of copying it to every node in the cluster.</p>
373<p>In this case, we want our file <code>/etc/ganet/vnc-cluster-password</code> to be copied.</p>
374<p>To do this (on the master host - you will get a complaint if you try and run this on the other nodes):</p>
375<pre><code># gnt-cluster copyfile /etc/ganeti/vnc-cluster-password</code></pre>
376<p>You can now re-run the command from earlier:</p>
377<pre><code># gnt-cluster modify -H kvm:vnc_password_file=/etc/ganeti/vnc-cluster-password</code></pre>
378<p>That's it! Next up, we'll create some instances (VMs) and test migration.</p>
379<p>Proceed to the next lab <a href="ex-ganeti-create-vm.htm">ex-ganeti-create</a></p>
380<div class="footnotes">
381<hr />
382<ol>
383<li id="fn1"><p>Note that VLAN 1 can have a special meaning. On many switches, VLAN 1 is the &quot;default&quot; VLAN, and cannot be removed. Some switches only allow management using VLAN 1. For security reasons, it's good practice to disable VLAN 1 and use other VLAN numbers. In our workshop, we'll keep it to make things simpler in our labs.<a href="#fnref1">↩</a></p></li>
384<li id="fn2"><p>This isn't a typical network setup, but it keeps things simpler here so we don't have to change the network configuration for our management network.<a href="#fnref2">↩</a></p></li>
385<li id="fn3"><p>We won't be attaching (connecting) any virtual machines to <code>br-rep</code>, so the bridge interface is not strictly necessary (we could have allocated the IP directly to eth0.100)<a href="#fnref3">↩</a></p></li>
386<li id="fn4"><p><code>backports</code> are newer versions of the third party software originally packaged for your version of the operating system. These newer versions, packaged for a newer releases of Debian (or Ubuntu), have been made available (or backported) to the version of Debian we are using.<a href="#fnref4">↩</a></p></li>
387</ol>
388</div>
389</body>
390</html>