Connectivity Providers Database

From: shem@minster.york.ac.uk To: kenfri-net@Athena.MIT.EDU CC: pmwanik@cadev6.intel.com, kci-net@edu.umass.ecs.sml1 bbellman@bestsd.sdsu.edu Date: 23 Apr 1992 00:46:50 GMT Project Proposal COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS CENTER IN KENYA PURPOSE: The purpose of this proposal is to raise funds to establish and run an international computer-based communications center in Nairobi, Kenya. This center may be called " AfriNet." It is estimated that the network will be financially self-sustaining after two and a half years. ( See analysis - Appendix A ). Total input sought for project period (four years) is US $ 169,100 with $ 134,200 required in the first year. Oscar Mann February 1992 Box: 20360, Nairobi Tel: 254-2-521510 Fax: 254-2-718730 Net: GN:Oscar INDEX Topic Page A Purpose.........................................Cover B Goal .............................................1 C Objectives........................................1 D Background........................................1 1 AfriNet and UNCED.....................2 E General Information...............................3 1 Operating System......................3 F Plan of Operation.................................4 1) ASAP..................................4 2) Ist three months......................4 4) Within 5 months.......................4 4) 9 months..............................4 5) Within one year.......................4 7) End of first year.....................4 8) End of second year....................4 9) End of third year.....................4 G Institutional Framework...........................4 1 Basic makeup..........................4 2 Board of Directors....................4 H Budget............................................5 1) Staff.................................5 a) Project Officer.......................5 b) Permanent Staff.......................5 c) Short term staff......................6 2) Legal fees............................6 3) Premises..............................6 4) Equipment.............................6 5) Sustainability........................7 6) Budget line details...................9 7 Budget Timing........................10 I Outputs..........................................10 J Evaluations......................................11 K Major Assumptions................................12 Appendix A.......................................13 A Income analysis......................13 B Recurrent costs analysis.............14 Appendix B.......................................15 A list of main networks accessible Appendix C....................................... 16 Letters of support from NGOs B) Goal: The goal of this project is to provide efficient, economic, computer-based communications facilities within Kenya and between Kenya and other countries through establishment of a network center or "host" located in Nairobi. AfriNet will link NGOs in the Environment/Development community into the international communications system, NGONET, which has been set up to facilitate communications before, during and after UNCED. Services will include local and international electronic mail, conferencing, data access, fax and telex as well as interconnections with existing international networks. C) Objectives: * .. To radically improve communications capabilities for and between NGO's, the aid community, educational institutions, and concerned individuals through the medium of a full network host computer system. * .. To provide services to the NGO community at cost price, with scaled fees for other members. * .. To facilitate access to massive information holdings at UNEP and other important data sources. * .. To provide access to NGONET and the pre and post - UNCED process. * .. To provide access to the "Association of Progressive Communications" (APC) networks and other major international networks such as UniNet, Fido, Compuserve, Bitnet, EIES, Telecom Gold, etc. summarised in appendix B. * .. To make available current information on issues such as appropriate technology, environment, climate, market prices, etc. through provision of a wide range of customized data bases, conferences and services to suit the needs of local subscribers. * .. To provide a broad range of services including local and international electronic mail, conferencing, data access, fax and telex, training, related hard and soft-ware, maintenance, etc. * .. To be financially self-sustaining within three years. Specific services are detailed under "Outputs" on page 10 D) Background: Nowadays much depends on accurate, rapid, and efficient communications and data. This is admirably accomplished through modern computer networks which can provide fast electronic mail, information (such as technical and market information ), and ongoing conferencing services. These can be achieved far more economically and effectively by computers than by any other means. Whilst it is possible for an individual or business to communicate directly with another via their personal computers and the phone line, this becomes prohibitively expensive and tedious especially when dealing internationally. Besides it is very limited compared to communication services that can be accessed through a network. A local communications center, or "Host" can help tremendously and make all the difference in providing these and other services simply, efficiently and economically. Kenya is the regional base for most aid, UN and funding agencies as well as multinationals, NGOs, financial, church and other organizations. It is, hence, an ideal choice as the base for a communications service for this region. In the past year country networks have begun in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, and Senegal and some efforts have been made to establish a Fido net in Kenya but there is still no reliable service here. AfriNet would connect all these nets together. Preliminary surveys have had very positive response with the introduction of such a service shown to be most desirable. (See Appendix C for letters of support.) AfriNet is intended to be a full member of the Association of Progressive Communications (APC). The APC is a consortium of networks through whose "gateways" there will be direct access to many other major networks, the main ones being listed in appendix B. In addition to local and international mail and data services AfriNet will provide a wide range of customized data bases, conferences and services to suit the needs of its subscribers. For all sectors involved these services will prove a boon in facilitating otherwise lengthy processes. Apart from speeding project design and approval, the available data and conferencing will help budding local organizations and businesses select appropriate equipment, strategies, techniques, processes, staff, funding, etc. through on-line access to relevant information. To date this kind of information is only available to larger corporations who thus maintain their edge. Massive information resources at UNEP and many other agencies could become readily accessible and thus become "live" - a heretofore unsatisfied request from international NGO's and research organizations. AfriNet will offer international fax and telex services via the computer which means that subscribers will also be able to correspond with anyone who has these services available. Funding is sought for an initial set-up period, to purchase and install equipment, to provide the necessary staff, facilities and services and for some public-relations work. It is expected that AfriNet will be self sustaining within three years. Thus initial funding will cover all costs for the first year, decreasing annually thereafter. (See "Budget Timing" and "Appendix A.") However funds for additional related projects may be sought separately. As shown (in Appendix A), the host could be self-supporting by the third year - based on the very conservative estimate of gaining only fifteen new subscribers per month. After two years it will be evident if this ideal state can actually be realized within the given time-frame. If not - additional funding may be sought after this date. 1) AFRINET AND UNCED The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) will be held in June 1992. Much of the pre-conference preparation and negotiation, particularly amongst the international NGO community, is happening via computer networking. African NGO's, by and large, are excluded from this process because of lack of easy access to the international networks. After UNCED it is expected that a great deal of inter-NGO and Government planning and implementation will also take place via the computer networks. AfriNet would enable environment and development NGOs in the region to participate in NGONET. NGONET (housed at the "Third World Institute" in Montevideo, Uruguay) "manages" the reams of information produced by the UNCED process. NGONET provides clear, short briefings and position papers on the major international E & D issues and makes them available via electronic conferencing. Access to this conference would provide NGOs in the region with a quick overview of the major issues, their relevance to the region, and what NGOs in other parts of the world think about them. It would also permit local NGOs to place their own views on these issues in the international conference. A separate proposal, presented to NGONET, will provide for a full- time staff person to prepare and distribute a regular, low-cost newsletter to all NGOs in the region who are not using electronic communications facilities. This person would download NGONET materials, peruse other conferences for relevant material and poll NGOs in the region on their upcoming activities and positions on international issues. These materials would be combined in a regular newsletter and also placed in a regional electronic conference, allowing NGOs to respond directly. Regional positions would be edited and placed in the international NGONET conference. AfriNet is dedicated to help NGOs fully participate in this process and its establishment will greatly increase NGO involvement and efficacy. E) General Information Within the APC system, a Host is equipped with a slightly more powerful micro computer than an average user would have (386) with a large memory (>500 Mb disk and 8 Mb Ram), and special software running under UNIX. Connection to the GPO is by a special dedicated line (called an X.25) which can allow a number of simultaneous calls. An X.25 card and synchronous modem (which actually send and receive information down the phone lines) are required as well as a number of dedicated phone lines each with their own normal 2400 bd modem for local dial-in. The system will connect to the Kenya packet switching system (PDN), known as "KenPac," which is part of the "IPSS," a standardized, international system dedicated solely to data communications. It is very much faster, cleaner, simpler to use and cheaper than regular phone lines and accesses most international networks. Within the region this will provide much greater efficiency compared with the poor (noisy) local phone lines. AfriNet will also have high-speed modem direct connection over regular phone lines and will investigate the possibility of future leased or shared lines. One beauty of this method of communication is that it only takes a phone call to the local host to reach others anywhere in the world. Currently, bulky documents are still sent on paper by mail or currier at huge expense. Through a network host, documents can be sent quickly to other international hosts with instructions to copy them to any number of further destinations, thus greatly saving time, expense and paper. A catch-phrase that is often used for these systems is: "DIAL LOCALLY - ACT GLOBALLY!" Membership will be by subscription and services will be available to anyone who has a computer and a modem. There will be an initial enrollment fee, (1000 K Shs) a deposit (dependant on subscriber's intended usage) and monthly subscriptions (500 K Shs) thereafter. Subscription will include a certain amount of user credits after which services, storage, data-access and on-line time will be charged at nominal rates. (See appendix A) NGO members will receive all services at cost price and this service will be monitored by an NGO steering committee. 1) Operating System The host software has been developed by the APC and is UNIX - based. It is simple to use requiring users to give single keystroke responses to prompts from the system. It also keeps track of subscribers' calls, accounts and efficiency of transmissions, making billing and regular statistical monitoring a simple matter. In order to incorporate the very extensive "amateur" network known as "FidoNet" a smaller computer (286) will run in parallel with the main system and be integrated with it. This will give subscribers the choice of using the APC's more comprehensive facilities or of using the simpler automated mailing systems (like Binkley and Frontdoor) that have been especially developed by FidoNet's users. The ELCI is currently working to encourage FidoNet links within the region and these services will be interlinked with AfriNet. Appropriate communications software, both commercial and free, will be available to subscribers, as well as basic training in their use. F) Plan of Operation: 1) ASAP Appointment of Project officer All necessary preliminary Agreements. Formation of Board of Directors. 2) First 3 months: Acquire appropriate premises. Procure and instal all equipment needed. Seek/recruit staff: 1) Manager 2) PR person ( for 3 months only ) 3) Technician 4) Manager's/Pr person's assistant Solicit subscriptions. Raise 30 subscribers. 3) Within 5 months: Fully operational and integrated with the APC system. Initiate local conferencing on appropriate topics. 4) Within 9 months 90 subscribers. Center run by permanent staff. 5) Within one year Inform interested parties in neighboring countries of the existence and benefits of the network. Invite visitors. Project Officer travels encouraging improved direct communications between African countries. ( PTA ) 6) End of first year and each year thereafter Complete audit and statistical evaluation of functionality. 7) End of second year: Full evaluation of goal achievement, funding/income status, modus operandi etc. 8) End of third year: Same as 7 but in much greater detail. G) Institutional Framework) 1) AfriNet will commence operation as a registered business with a non-profit section providing services to the NGO community monitored by an NGO steering committee. This section may be established as a separate, sister entity. 2) Board of Directors: A board will be formed representing the donor and host agency/s together with the project supervisor. This board would meet according to the by-laws, probably about every three months. It would have responsibility for any major policy changes affecting the net and for any major problems that require attention beyond the scope or abilities of the manager. H) BUDGET: 1) Staff: a) "Project Officer:" A major early step must be the appointment of a full-time project officer who will be directly responsible for all aspects of establishing and promoting AfriNet in a functional way. As the organization moves into smooth operation this person will focus on connections with other PTA countries and the expansion of services. This person needs to have wide-ranging skills including broad knowledge of computer communications and electronic systems, human communications, experience in dealing with NGO's, local government and international officials, diplomacy, broad management skills relevant to the scope and location of the project, understanding of social/environmental issues and, preferably ( though not essential ) a good working knowledge of Swahili and the local situation. Employment will be at approximately US$ 2,000 per month. This proposal has been prepared by Oscar Mann who has worked to establish AfriNet since '87. He has broad knowledge in this field as well as extensive experience of development work in East Africa. He is AfriNet's intended Project Officer and will oversee it's establishment and running. A CV is attached. b) Permanent Staff Staff will be found through national advertising in the newspapers and should be available around the time of securing premises , i.e. in the third month of the project. (Funds are included in the advertising line). i) Manager: This person will be responsible for the day-to-day running of the center, liaison, on-going PR, expansion, training, fund-raising, sales, accounting and on-going evaluation. Consequently, a broad base of skills will be needed including a proficiency in computer-related work and thorough familiarity with the network and its software system. Salary will be 25,000 K Shs per month or about $900. ii) Manager's assistant: A very good secretary who will help with PR, accounts, fund- raising, etc. Salary will be around 10,000 K Shs/month or $370. iii) Chief Technician: Responsible for the smooth running of all equipment. This individual will help with the installation of the node and have a thorough working knowledge of both hard and soft-ware. UNIX programming skills will be essential. Individuals with such skills are available locally. The Chief Technician will be directly responsible for all equipment loaned or leased to subscribers, it's installation and the training of subscribers. 25,000 K Shs/month is budgeted for this post. iv) Messenger A general helper who could run errands, make deliveries, help around the office with cleaning, tea, etc. Needs to be a motor-cycle driver. 2000 K Shs/month is budgeted here. c) Short-term staff i) APC Expert It will be necessary for a technician from the APC to come to Kenya and help with installation and in configuring the software for AfriNet's particular needs. This technician will most likely be Mike Jensen, who resides in South Africa. He estimates that three weeks will be required to carry out his duties. Return air fare S.A.- Kenya and 21 days per diem are included for this. iii) PR officer This member's function will be primarily to generate consumer awareness of the network's existence, services and benefits and to boost membership. Their services will only be used in the first three months of operation after which they should be unnecessary. They will receive a salary of 20,000 K Shs/month. 2) Legal fees: Whilst it may not be necessary to seek the help of a lawyer for the funding agreements, several other areas will require these services. Legal help will be prudent in agreements regarding host NGO, rental of premises, staff and subscribers' contracts, equipment loan or lease agreements,inter-net agreements, etc. A ball-park estimate from a reliable, mid-price lawyer in Nairobi is 25,000 K Shs and is quoted in the budget. 3) Premises: The location and type of premises chosen will be of some importance. They should be near to the city center, though not necessarily right in it and, whilst regular office space would be adequate, it will be far better to acquire a small separate house in one of the areas now billed for commercial use. Suitable areas would be: e.g. Chiromo, Westlands, Upper Hill, Milimani, etc. It is estimated that AfriNet will require a minimum of a thousand square feet of space. This will provide a small reception area, main computer area, manager's area, one other terminal area, small training area, store and technical area. On average, space of this type costs 18 K Shs per square foot per month and so 18,000 K Shs has been budgeted. Generally, three month's deposit is required and this is also included. 4) Equipment: i): For the Host Node: All equipment should be ordered within the first month of project initiation and delivered to the Project Officer within the second month. Installation and testing would follow within the next month and the node itself should be fully operational within four months. The equipment costs include duty. If duty free equipment was obtainable, this would reduce the budget by approximately US $ 9,600. Duty-free equipment is available locally and has been sourced and priced as has a Unix system. APC software would be free. The X.25 card and modem are not available in Kenya and will be imported. A detailed equipment list is given in the summary at the end of this section. ii) Vehicle A car will be essential to enable outreach work to be carried-out as well as for the general use of AfriNet. Most work will be within the areas accessible by decent roads and so a station wagon car will suffice. Duty paid this will cost 521,200 K Shs or $18,000 (Mitsubishi Colt 1500 GLX + 4 WD) 5) Sustainability: a) Support from net subscribers: AfriNet will be financially supported by it's subscribers. This support will cover all running costs of the network. There will be a first-time enrollment fee of 1,000 K Shs followed by a monthly subscription of 500 K Shs. Charges may be scaled so that NGOs pay less than, and are supported by others. Subscribers will also be required to place a deposit equivalent to two month's estimated usage fees. Software will keep track of accounts outstanding and compare these with deposits in hand. Subscribers will receive advance warning when these approach each other and will be automatically disconnected when they are equal. This will avoid outstanding debts to the GPO. The running costs of the Host, including demurrage on equipment (detailed in Appendix A) are estimated at approximately US$ 5,500 per month. At the above subscription rates it will require about 450 subscribers to cover this. Thus, at least this many subscribers is one of the prerequisites to achieve self-sufficiency within the four year period. If subscriptions increase at the rate of 15 a month, this criteria will be achieved within two and a half years. The relationships are graphically shown in the following chart: sorry - Not available in e-mail version ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In appendix A you will see how this analysis is achieved and that it is also based on an assumption of 25% annual inflation across the board. Annual review procedures will look at how well this goal is being met and possibly adjust subscription rates accordingly. b) N.B.: This analysis does not take into account additional revenues based on time, storage, through-put or data access that will also be generated and which should exceed income from membership alone. It is also based on a flat rate for all subscribers. If fees are scaled, break-even may be much sooner. BUDGET DETAILS exchange rate used: One US $ = 28.90 K Shs COMPUTER EQUIPMENT K Shs US$ Computer (ACER 386 + 100 Mb HDD + 2 FDD) 187,040 6,472 6 Mb extra Ram for above 72,000 2,491 Unix operating system 39,324 1,361 600 Mb hard drive 176,625 6,112 150 Mb Tape streamer (for daily back-up) 69,260 2,397 15 spare tapes (rotate each day for 2 weeks) 19,431 672 x.25 card and modem 41,111 1,423 Five 2400 Bd modems 37,500 1,298 One high-speed modem (trailblazer plus) 17,340 600 One 130 column printer (Citizen Swift) 35,000 1,211 One 80 column printer (Citizen Swift 24) 25,500 882 Additional 286 computer (for FIDO) 81,200 2,810 2 terminals 44,900 1,554 Fax card 14,000 484 power backup and ups 74,000 2,561 surge protector 7,400 256 Total Host Computer Equipment 941,631 32,582 ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ Post - Office related : one time only x.25 line installation 2,985 modem installation 4,180 Network user number issue 900 Refundable deposit 15,000 Modem licences 5 x 3000/- 15,000 Total p.o. related charges = 38,065 1,317 ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ Office Equipment General Office 100,000 3,460 Photocopier - Xerox 5026 #1 192,000 6,644 PABX 25,000 865 Answering Machine 4,400 152 Basic electrician's tools 7,225 250 Messenger's Bicycle 4,000 138 Three months rental as deposit 54,000 1,869 Vehicle for office + outreach 521,200 18,035 Total office - related 907,825 31,413 ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ Total Capitol ------------------------------ 1,887,5211 65,312 ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ Short term Staff and related expenses PR Officer for 3 months at 20,000 K Shs/month 60,000 2,076 Advertising 20,000 692 Legal fees 25,000 865 APC expert's airfare Jo'Burg - Nbi return 18,000 623 APC expert - 21 days per diem @ $120/day 72,828 2,520 Total short term 195,828 6,776 ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ Funds needed for Recurrent Costs, including salaries ( see Appendix A ) Ist year 1,442,895 K Shs 2nd year 916,575 K Shs 3rd year profit 4th year profit Total = 2,359,470 81,643 Total for four years 4,442,819 153,731 Plus 10% contingency 444,282 15,373 Grand total for project 4,887,101 169,104 Budget timing 1st year Capitol for host and office 1,887,521 65,312 Short term staff + advertising 195,828 6,776 recurrent costs 1,442,895 49,927 Total 3,526,244 122,015 +10% contingency 3,878,868 134,217 ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ 2nd Year Recurrent costs 916,575 31,715 Total 916,575 31,715 +10% contingency 1,008,233 34,887 ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ After 2nd year the project should be self-sustaining and profitable Total for project 4,887,101 169,104 ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ I) OUTPUTS: 1) A fully functional computer network seamlessly connected to the APC and Fido systems and gatewaying to other nets as appropriate. 2) Specific services will include: a) Electronic Mail: Known as E-mail this facility provides for very rapid communications with the following benefits: a) incoming mail is stored in the host computer for access at the addressees' convenience. b) Mail can be forwarded and copied to any number of additional "addresses." For international mail this means that a letter addressed to many recipients will be sent from the originating host only once and will be copied to the addressees only after arriving at the destination host. This alone can mean great savings to an organization. c) Mail (and all other data accessed through the system) is in a form that can be readily manipulated by the receiving computer - stored, edited, forwarded, printed, published, etc. d) No paper is used until and unless a final print-out is needed. For multiple copies of long documents this represents a saving both financially and ecologically. b) Conferencing: There are basically two types of conference available: real-time conferencing or "chatting" (where two or more participants are actually able to interact on-screen simultaneously), and stored conferencing where individuals have consecutive access to an "area" and can write comments on what they read there. Stored conferencing is the most common and efficient method used, especially between international networks. This method is always available to users and a very wide variety of conference topics are already available internationally. AfriNet will establish and encourage local conferencing on topics of interest to users. Chat conferencing will be arranged on request for specific user groups at specific times. Available conferences will be listed in a conference area and a monthly newsletter will be produced for subscribers, giving a synopsis of all new conferences. c) Data Access: It is possible for subscribers to access remote data bases and to exchange data with them. Data bases of local interest will be established and regularly refreshed. These will include data on topics such as alternative technology, funding resources, environmental information, market prices, etc. Access to existing data bases, especially those at UNEP, will be arranged. d) Fax and Telex: A destination address can also be a fax or telex number so that communications may reach whoever has these facilities. As with e-mail, a single message can be faxed to any number of final recipients by the destination network. To date it is not possible for fax or telex users to input data to computer networks so this is a strictly one-way affair. Replies would have to come through other channels (eg - fax and telex.) e) User Support: AfriNet will help subscribers by advising on installation of equipment and providing staff training, where necessary. Arrangements will be made separately to supply, maintain and finance equipment if needed. f) Where appropriate AfriNet may seek additional funds, or re-direct some of its "profits" specifically to equip and support groups who would otherwise be unable to participate. 3) Expansion to neighboring countries: AfriNet will inform neighboring and PTA governments and interested organizations of the establishment of the network and will do whatever is possible to encourage connections. To facilitate this, AfriNet will encourage direct satellite linking between African countries and establishment of country Hosts. When this is achieved, the network will be of tremendous benefit to all. The goal is to link all PTA countries into the net. When the Project Officer's duties in establishing the Kenya host are complete it may be beneficial to engage him in this aspect of expansion work for some time. No funds are currently budgeted for this and will be sought separately. J) Evaluations: There will be a thorough local evaluation at the end of each calender year. In the last three months of the second year there will be an evaluation which will address the subject of AfriNet's self-sufficiency and whether an extension of the funding period is necessary. This second evaluation will determine any adjustments to funding and policy for the final years. Evaluations will all address the following issues: Accounts and audit, Number and type of subscribers Meeting subscribers' stated needs Fees charged throughout the system Donations Number and types of conferencing Statistical analysis of net use - local and international Meeting of goals K) Major Assumptions: * Kenya remains a stable and viable base for the net. * G.O.K. maintains its policies re open communications. * K.P.& T remain supportive, their equipment is reliable and * KenPac's prices remain competitive with respect to fax and telex. * No problems with importing equipment, especially modems. * AfriNet does attract subscribers at a rate of approx 15 every month to total of at least 380. * Inflation does not exceed 25% pa. * Demurrage on equipment is calculated at 5 years lifetime. * No better means of communication arises within four years. APPENDIX A A projected analysis of the income generated vs AfriNet's recurrent costs based on the following assumptions: * Subscriptions increase linearly at the rate of 45 per quarter. * 1st year subscriptions are 500 K Shs/month per subscriber. * 1st year enrollment fees are 1,000 K Shs per subscriber. * Inflation is 25% across the board,..... * Dollar rate used is 1 US $ = 28.9 K Shs and this does not change radically before project funding A) Income analysis (from subscriptions and membership only) Quarter # members subs.+ enrollment fees 1st yr K Shs K Shs US $ 1 0 0 2 45 90,000 3 90 157,500 4 135 225,000 Total income for 1 st year = 472,500 16,349 ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ 2nd yr enrollment. = 1,150/- and subs.= 625/- 1 180 361,125 2 225 445,500 3 270 529,875 4 315 614,250 Total income for 2nd year = 1,950,750 67,500 ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ 3rd yr enrollment. = 1,323/- and subs.= 781/- 1 360 868,106 2 405 973,575 3 450 1,079,044 4 495 1,184,513 Total income for 3rd year = 4,105,238 142,050 ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ 4th yr enrollment. = 1,521/- and subs.= 977/- 1 540 1,606,525 2 585 1,738,361 3 630 1,870,197 4 675 1,987,385 Total income for 4th year = 7,202,468 249,220 ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ TOTAL INCOME OVER 4 YEARS = 13,730,956 475,120 ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ B) Recurrent Costs analysis /Month 1st yr 2nd yr 3rd yr 4th yr Total Salaries: Supervisor 65,000 780,000 975,000 1,218,750 1,523,438 4,497,188 Manager @ 25,000 225,000 375,000 468,750 585,938 1,654,688 Assistant 10,000 90,000 150,000 187,500 234,375 661,875 Technician 25,000 225,000 375,000 468,750 585,938 1,654,688 Messenger 2,000 18,000 30,000 37,500 46,875 132,375 Sub Total 127,000 1,338,000 1,905,000 2,381,250 2,976,563 8,600,813 In US $ 4,394 46,298 65,917 82,396 102,995 297,606 Office: rental at 18,000 162,000 248,400 285,660 328,509 1,024,569 recurrent 8,000 72,000 110,400 126,960 146,004 455,364 vehicle 5,000 45,000 69,000 79,350 91,253 284,603 phone rent 1,500 13,500 20,700 23,805 27,376 85,381 Insurance 1,000 9,000 13,800 15,870 18,251 56,921 Demurrage 11,155 100,395 153,939 177,030 203,584 634,948 Phones 4,000 36,000 55,200 63,480 73,002 227,682 Electricity 3,000 27,000 41,400 47,610 54,752 170,762 Misc. 5,000 45,000 69,000 79,350 91,253 284,603 Conf.d-load 7,500 67,500 103,500 119,025 136,879 426,904 Sub total 64,155 577,395 962,325 1,202,906 1,503,633 4,246,259 In US $ 2,220 19,979 33,298 41,623 52,029 146,929 Total recurrent expenses 1st yr 2nd yr 3rd yr 4th yr total In Kenya Shillings 1,915,395 2,867,325 3,584,156 4,480,195 12,847,072 In US Dollars 66,277 99,215 124,019 155,024 444,535 Total Income ( see appendix A ) KShs 472,500 1,950,750 4,105,238 7,202,468 13,730,956 US $ 16,349 67,500 142,050 249,220 475,120 Difference = amount still needed for year KShs 1,442,895 916,575 (521,081) (2,722,273) (883,884) US $ 49,927 31,715 (18,030) (94,196) (30,584) (profit) (profit) Total funds needed for recurrent expenses = KShs 2,359,470 or US$ 81,643 ( N.B. ->> First and second years only )